Corporate Finance Simulation

Corporate finance simulation where students choose the funding

The Finsimco Corporate Finance Simulation gives each student a 400 million dollar expansion to fund at a listed manufacturer. They choose the capital structure and rank the projects at their own cost of capital, and the cost of equity answers back every time debt goes up.

  • About 4 hours, single-player
  • Capital structure, WACC and payout
  • In-class, online or hybrid delivery

At a glance

Duration

About 4 hours

You set every stage timing from the professor panel, so it fits one block or splits across two sessions.

Format

Single-player simulation

Each student holds the capital structure, investment and payout roles in turn and submits one financing plan.

Level

Undergraduate to MBA

Adjustable: a fixed cost of debt and a set project list, up to a rating grid, a covenant and a rate move.

Professor tools

Timeline and session controls

Manage students, adjust stage timings, control progression and monitor individual inputs.

Prerequisites

Net present value

Students need present value and net present value. Cost of equity, WACC and the tax shield are built up inside.

Delivery

In class, online or hybrid

The web-based simulation supports in-person, remote, blended and homework-supported delivery.

Assessment

Optional, per student

Every submission is individual, so the structure, the project ranking and the review answers export per student.

Course fit

Fits core finance modules

Designed for Corporate Finance, Financial Management, Business Finance and Managerial Finance courses.

Concepts covered

The topics a corporate finance module has to cover: the weighted average cost of capital, Modigliani-Miller propositions one and two, the interest tax shield, costs of financial distress, net present value and project ranking and payout policy as a signal.

The cost of capital against leverage, the Modigliani and Miller picture. The horizontal axis is the debt to equity ratio and the vertical axis is the required return. The cost of debt is low and flat until high leverage, when lenders start to price distress and it rises. The cost of equity rises in a straight line with leverage, because every dollar of debt added makes the remaining equity riskier, which is Proposition two. Without taxes the weighted average cost of capital is a flat line: the cheaper debt is exactly offset by the more expensive equity, so capital structure does not change firm value, which is Proposition one. With the interest tax shield the weighted average cost of capital slopes down, and it turns back up once expected distress costs outweigh the shield, giving an interior optimum.

The diagram the session runs on. Debt looks cheap because its line sits below everything else, and the simulation prices the part students leave out: every unit of leverage raises the cost of equity by enough to cancel the saving, which is why the no-tax weighted average is flat. An optimum only appears once the things Modigliani and Miller assumed away are put back, and the student has to say which of them they are relying on.

Learning outcomes

Written to drop into your module descriptor without rewriting. On completing the simulation, your students will be able to:

  • Compute a weighted average cost of capital from a chosen capital structure.
  • Apply Modigliani and Miller's second proposition to re-price equity as leverage rises.
  • Explain why capital structure is irrelevant under the original assumptions, and which assumption each real-world effect relaxes.
  • Quantify the interest tax shield and weigh it against expected costs of financial distress.
  • Rank investment projects on net present value at the firm's own cost of capital rather than a convenient one.
  • Evaluate a payout decision as a signal as well as a use of cash.

What students do

Each student runs the finance function alone, holding the capital structure, investment and payout roles in turn. All three want something different from the same 400 million dollars, and only one plan goes to the board.

Corporate Finance Simulation gameflow, five stages. Stage 1 Briefing, Role setup, 15 min: Watch intro video, Review the board mandate, One student holds all three roles, Review role, goals, and success criteria. Materials: briefing docs, board mandate, role cards. Stage 2 Capital Structure, Choose the mix, 65 min: the capital structure role set the debt and equity mix, re-price the cost of equity, build the wacc; the investment role rank the projects on npv, check the irr against wacc, size the capital budget; the payout role hold or cut the dividend, size any buyback, state what it signals. Materials: balance sheet, rating grid, project list, tool tips. Stage 3 Rate & Rating Shock, Live with the mix, 65 min: the capital structure role re-build the wacc, price the downgrade, refinance or hold; the investment role re-rank at the new rate, cut or defer a project, protect the core capex; the payout role defend or cut the dividend, pause the buyback, explain the change. Materials: rate move, agency note, covenant test, live scores. Stage 4 Board Review, Defend the structure, 45 min: show the wacc build, justify the leverage, answer on the dividend, submit the plan. Materials: board questions, wacc build, capex plan, review pack. Stage 5 Debriefing, Results and feedback, No limit: review your structure, compare the waccs, review the projects, reflect on feedback. Materials: winners, completion summary. Total duration about 4 hours.

The gameflow every student sees before they start. The three roles come into play during the structure and the shock; briefing, the board review and the debrief are worked as a single view. Materials arrive stage by stage: board mandate and role cards at briefing, then the balance sheet, rating grid and project list for the structure, then the rate move, agency note and covenant test once the shock lands.

Capital Structure

Students choose how much of the expansion is funded with debt and how much with equity, and find that the cost of equity is not a constant they get to keep.

Investment

Students rank the expansion projects on net present value at whatever discount rate the structure produced, rather than at the rate that made the favourite look good.

Payout

Students decide what happens to the dividend and the buyback while the firm is levering up, and answer for what the market reads into it.

How it works

Five stages. Students choose a funding mix, rank projects at the cost of capital it produces, then find out what a rate move and a rating action do to both.

  1. 1

    Stage 1 · 15 min

    Briefing Docs · Board Mandate · Role Cards

    Briefing

    Students watch the intro video, review the board mandate and take on all three roles, checking the size of the expansion, the rating the board wants to protect and the success criteria before any funding is chosen.

  2. 2

    Stage 2 · 65 min

    Balance Sheet · Rating Grid · Project List · Tool Tips

    Capital Structure

    The plan gets built. Working as capital structure, the student picks the funding mix and watches the cost of equity re-price against it; as investment, ranks the expansion projects at the resulting discount rate; as payout, decides what happens to the dividend while leverage is rising. The plan is submitted with the WACC build shown.

  3. 3

    Stage 3 · 65 min

    Rate Move · Agency Note · Covenant Test · Live Scores

    Rate & Rating Shock

    Rates rise 150 basis points and the agency puts the credit on negative outlook, which lifts the cost of debt as well as the cost of equity. The interest cover covenant tightens. Projects that cleared the old hurdle no longer clear the new one, and the dividend the student promised has to be paid out of a smaller surplus.

  4. 4

    Stage 4 · 45 min

    Board Questions · WACC Build · Capex Plan · Review Pack

    Board Review

    Students are asked why this mix rather than one notch either side, what the cost of equity did when leverage rose, which projects were cut and why, and whether the dividend is being funded by the business or by the new debt.

  5. 5

    Stage 5 · No limit

    Winners · Completion Summary

    Debriefing

    Students review their own plan, compare capital structures across the cohort, revisit the projects that moved when the discount rate changed and reflect on the feedback. Winners and the completion summary give you a structure for the discussion.

What the experience looks like

The student interface carries the structure, the projects and the reasoning. The professor panel carries the timeline, the controls and every individual plan.

Capital Structure

Students work mix by mix, with the cost of equity, the cost of debt and the weighted average they produce together sitting side by side, and a written reason required for the structure chosen and for each one rejected.

Rate Shock

The two net present value columns are the whole exercise. Nothing about the projects changed; the discount rate did, and three of the six no longer clear it.

Professor Controls

Your view. Adjust any stage timing, start or stop the session, and watch the leverage each student chose, the cost of capital it produced and how much capex survived it.

See how this simulation fits your module

Explore the student and professor experience, and discuss timing, setup and syllabus fit.

Where it fits your syllabus

It works best once students can compute a net present value and need to find out where the discount rate comes from.

Teach before it

Present value, net present value and the idea that equity and debt have different required returns. The cost of equity, the WACC and the tax shield are computed inside the activity.

Where it sits

Mid module, typically weeks five to nine, once capital budgeting is done and capital structure begins.

What it sets up

Dividend policy, mergers and acquisitions, real options, distress and restructuring, and any assessment asking students to recommend a capital structure.

The corporate finance course guide sets out where it sits in a full module.

What students get wrong

The three mistakes students make on this case, and what each one gives you in the debrief. Our simulations are designed around them: read the learning science behind it.

1

They treat the cost of equity as a constant

Adding debt lowers the average of the two costs only if the equity cost stays where it was, and it never does. Students build a WACC that falls monotonically with leverage, recommend the most levered structure available, and are then shown the same calculation with Proposition two applied. Watching their own WACC line flatten is what makes the proposition stop being a formula.

2

They pick the discount rate that funds the favourite project

The project ranking is done first, the structure second, and the discount rate quietly becomes whatever makes the preferred capex clear. The simulation forces the order the other way: the structure produces the rate, and the rate re-ranks the projects, sometimes removing the one the student had already argued for.

3

They protect the dividend out of the new debt

Cutting a dividend feels like an admission of failure, so students hold it while leverage rises and the surplus shrinks. Paying a dividend with borrowed money is a recognisable pattern and the board asks about it directly, which is usually the first time a cohort treats payout as a signalling decision rather than a cash one.

How to debrief it

The debrief runs itself. Every student sees their results, the cohort comparison and the decisions that produced them, with nothing for you to prepare. If you would rather lead the discussion, these questions work straight from a slide, and they use what your cohort actually did.

  • Who chose the most leverage, and what had happened to their cost of equity by the end?
  • Put the highest and lowest WACC side by side. How much of the gap was the mix and how much was the rating?
  • Which projects changed rank when the rate moved? Would you have funded them at the original hurdle?
  • Who held the dividend through the shock? Where did the cash actually come from?
  • If the tax shield were removed entirely, which structure would still be defensible?

Assess the financing reasoning, not just the WACC produced

Assessment is optional. Run the simulation ungraded as an applied activity, or use platform data as supporting evidence. Every student generates a capital structure, a WACC build, a ranked capital budget, written rationales and a board plan. Because the simulation is single-player, every input belongs to one named student, so there is no group-work marking to untangle. All of it exports as CSV or PDF, per student, so you can assess reasoning rather than a result.

What professors can assess

  • Whether the cost of equity was re-priced as leverage rose rather than held fixed
  • Whether projects were ranked at the firm's own cost of capital rather than a convenient rate

How to interpret the score

  • A low WACC reached by assuming the equity cost away is not a strong outcome
  • Use the leaderboard for cohort comparison, not for grading

On generative AI: written rationales are exactly what marking teams now worry about. Because every rationale here is tied to a structure the student chose inside the platform, with the WACC build and the project ranking sitting next to it, the reasoning can be checked against the evidence rather than taken on trust.

Low risk to try with a class

Students rate it

93% of students rate Finsimco simulations Excellent, across more than 30,000 responses.

You are not on your own

Teaching notes, a setup and facilitation guide and a gameflow diagram come with it, and we support your first delivery directly.

No grading commitment

Run it ungraded the first time. Assessment is optional and can be added once you have seen how your cohort responds.

A bad session is recoverable

Pause or stop at any point and resume later without losing submitted data, so an overrun costs you a timetable slot, not the activity.

What AACSB and AMBA say about simulations

Ron Tuninga, Managing Director for EMEA at AACSB, and Victor Hedenberg, Membership Director at AMBA, on why simulation-based learning belongs in business education. Watch both interviews.

FAQs

Get the course fit sheet

A one-page summary of this simulation, covering stages and timings, roles, concepts, learning outcomes and the debrief questions, plus a full sample teaching pack from one of our live simulations, so you can see exactly what you would be running.

Book a Demo

During the call, we can:

  • Show the student and professor experience
  • Discuss format, timing and syllabus fit
  • Walk through setup, live delivery and optional assessment evidence
  • Answer questions from your module team