Asset Liability Management Simulation

Asset liability management simulation where students hedge rates

The Finsimco Asset Liability Management Simulation gives each student a bank balance sheet to place on a repricing ladder, including deposits with no contractual maturity. They size a hedge, then a 200 basis point move tests every assumption they made.

  • About 4 hours, single-player
  • Repricing gaps, hedging and ALCO
  • In-class, online or hybrid delivery

At a glance

Duration

About 4 hours

You set every stage timing from the professor panel, so it fits one block or splits across two sessions.

Format

Single-player simulation

Each student holds the treasury, balance sheet and risk roles in turn and submits one ALCO position.

Level

Undergraduate to MBA

Adjustable: a parallel shift on fixed assumptions, up to a curve twist, a moving deposit beta and mortgage optionality.

Professor tools

Timeline and session controls

Manage students, adjust stage timings, control progression and monitor individual inputs.

Prerequisites

Present value

Students need present value and why bond prices fall when rates rise. Duration and the gap measures are taught inside.

Delivery

In class, online or hybrid

The web-based simulation supports in-person, remote, blended and homework-supported delivery.

Assessment

Optional, per student

Every submission is individual, so the ladder, the assumptions, the hedge and the review answers export per student.

Course fit

Fits core finance modules

Designed for Asset Liability Management, Bank Management, Financial Institutions, Risk Management and Treasury courses.

Concepts covered

The topics an asset liability management module has to cover: the repricing gap and the maturity ladder, net interest income sensitivity, economic value of equity, behavioural maturity of non-maturing deposits, deposit beta and hedging with interest rate swaps.

The repricing gap ladder. Time buckets run along the horizontal axis, from overnight out to beyond five years. Bars above the line are assets that reprice in that bucket; bars below are liabilities. Where the two do not match there is a gap, shown as a pill under each bucket. The book is liability-sensitive at the short end, because deposits reprice almost immediately while the mortgage book does not, and asset-sensitive further out. A rate rise therefore costs the bank money in the first year and makes it money later.

The ladder the committee argues over. Deposits reprice in days and the mortgage book does not, so the short buckets are liability-sensitive and a rate rise lands on earnings almost at once. Further out the position reverses, and that end of the ladder decides the economic value of equity rather than this year's income. Nothing here is purely factual: a checking account has no contractual maturity, so the bucket it sits in is a behavioural assumption the student made and has to defend.

Learning outcomes

Written to drop into your module descriptor without rewriting. On completing the simulation, your students will be able to:

  • Construct a repricing gap ladder from a bank balance sheet and interpret the net gap in each bucket.
  • Distinguish net interest income sensitivity from economic value of equity and explain why they move differently.
  • Justify a behavioural maturity assumption for a non-maturing deposit and test what it is worth.
  • Size an interest rate swap to close a stated gap and state what risk the hedge transfers rather than removes.
  • Evaluate a rate shock's effect on earnings and on value, and choose which to protect.
  • Present an ALCO position to a committee holding competing mandates.

What students do

Each student runs the committee alone, holding the treasury, balance sheet and risk roles in turn. All three want something different from the same balance sheet, and only one position goes to ALCO.

Asset Liability Management Simulation gameflow, five stages. Stage 1 Briefing, Role setup, 15 min: Watch intro video, Review the balance sheet, One student holds all three roles, Review role, goals, and success criteria. Materials: briefing docs, balance sheet, role cards. Stage 2 Position & Assumptions, Build the ladder, 65 min: the treasury role choose the funding mix, set the wholesale tenor, price the swap book; the balance sheet role bucket every balance, set the deposit behaviour, model the prepayments; the risk role set the sensitivity limits, read the opening gap, name what is being protected. Materials: balance sheet detail, deposit histories, swap curve, tool tips. Stage 3 Rate Shock, Price the gap, 65 min: the treasury role add or unwind swaps, re-term the funding, cost each hedge; the balance sheet role re-read the deposit behaviour, re-bucket what moved, re-run the prepayments; the risk role watch both limits, choose earnings or value, escalate the breach. Materials: live curve, nii monitor, eve monitor, live scores. Stage 4 Alco Review, Defend the position, 45 min: show the gap, explain both measures, justify the assumptions, submit the position. Materials: committee pack, limit report, hedge record, review pack. Stage 5 Debriefing, Results and feedback, No limit: review your position, compare the ladders, review the hedges, reflect on feedback. Materials: winners, completion summary. Total duration about 4 hours.

The gameflow every student sees before they start. The three roles come into play during the position and the rate shock; briefing, the ALCO review and the debrief are worked as a single view. Materials arrive stage by stage: balance sheet and role cards at briefing, then deposit histories and the swap curve for the ladder, then the live curve and the two sensitivity monitors once rates move.

Treasury

Students choose the wholesale funding mix and its tenor, and decide how much of the gap to close with swaps rather than with the balance sheet itself.

Balance Sheet

Students place every asset and liability in a repricing bucket, including the ones with no contractual maturity, and own the behavioural assumptions that put them there.

Risk

Students hold net interest income sensitivity and economic value of equity inside their limits, and say which one the bank is protecting when the two disagree.

How it works

Five stages. Students place a balance sheet on a repricing ladder, set the assumptions underneath it, hedge the gap, then explain a shock that moves earnings and value in opposite directions.

  1. 1

    Stage 1 · 15 min

    briefing docs · balance sheet · role cards

    Briefing

    Students watch the intro video, review the balance sheet and take on all three roles, checking the risk limits they are bound by, the funding available and the success criteria before anything is placed on the ladder.

  2. 2

    Stage 2 · 65 min

    balance sheet detail · deposit histories · swap curve · tool tips

    Position & Assumptions

    The position gets built. Working as treasury, the student picks the funding mix and the tenor; as balance sheet, places every balance in a repricing bucket and sets the behavioural life of the deposits; as risk, reads the gap that produces and states which measure the bank is protecting. The position is submitted with a written assumption for every non-maturing balance.

  3. 3

    Stage 3 · 65 min

    live curve · NII monitor · EVE monitor · live scores

    Rate Shock

    Rates move 200 basis points and the curve twists rather than shifting. Deposit beta turns out higher than modelled so funding reprices faster than assumed, prepayments slow on the fixed book, and the two risk measures move in opposite directions. Students hedge, re-bucket and decide which limit to defend.

  4. 4

    Stage 4 · 45 min

    committee pack · limit report · hedge record · review pack

    ALCO Review

    Students are asked what the gap actually is, why earnings and value moved in opposite directions, which behavioural assumption the whole position rests on, and what happens to it if the deposits turn out to be shorter than the model says.

  5. 5

    Stage 5 · No limit

    winners · completion summary

    Debriefing

    Students review their own position, compare ladders and hedging approaches across the cohort, revisit the behavioural assumptions that drove the result and reflect on the feedback. Winners and the completion summary give you a structure for the discussion.

What the experience looks like

The student interface carries the ladder, the two sensitivities and the reasoning. The professor panel carries the timeline, the controls and every individual position.

Repricing Ladder

Students work balance by balance, with the amount, the rate basis and the behavioural life they have assumed sitting side by side, and a written reason required for every item with no contractual maturity.

Rate Shock

The two right-hand columns are the whole argument. A bucket that helps net interest income usually hurts economic value, and the student has to say which one the bank is protecting before the committee asks.

Professor Controls

Your view. Adjust any stage timing, start or stop the session, and watch both sensitivity measures for every student alongside how much of the gap they have hedged.

See how this simulation fits your module

Explore the student and professor experience, and discuss timing, setup and syllabus fit.

Where it fits your syllabus

It works best once students know what duration is and need to see a whole balance sheet exposed to one move.

Teach before it

Present value, the inverse relationship between rates and prices, and what a bank's balance sheet contains. Duration, gaps and the two sensitivity measures are computed inside the activity.

Where it sits

Mid to late module, typically weeks six to ten, once interest rate risk has been introduced on a single instrument and needs to scale to an institution.

What it sets up

Liquidity risk, funds transfer pricing, capital planning, stress testing, and any assessment asking students to appraise a bank's interest rate position.

The asset liability management course guide sets out where it sits in a full module.

What students get wrong

The three mistakes students make on this topic almost every time. Recognising them is usually the moment the subject lands, and it is the core of the learning science behind it.

1

They bucket the deposits where the contract says, which is nowhere

Checking accounts have no maturity, so students either put them all in the overnight bucket or leave them out. Both are modelling choices with large consequences, and neither is usually stated as one. Watching the whole gap move because an assumption changed, with no balance having moved at all, is the clearest route into why behavioural modelling is the contested part of ALM.

2

They optimise one sensitivity measure and discover the other moved

Hedging the earnings number is intuitive: it is this year's profit. Doing it usually lengthens the asset side and worsens economic value of equity, and a cohort that has only been watching one dashboard does not see it until the committee asks. The two measures disagreeing by construction is the single idea the simulation is built around.

3

They treat a swap as removing the risk

Students size a swap to close the gap and record the position as hedged. The rate risk has moved to a counterparty, and in exchange the bank has taken on basis risk, collateral calls and a mark to market that moves with the curve. The hedge being a transfer rather than a deletion is something most cohorts only feel once the collateral call arrives.

How to debrief it

The debrief runs itself. Every student sees their result, the cohort comparison and the decisions that produced them, with nothing for you to prepare. If you would rather lead the discussion, these five questions work straight from a slide, and they use what your cohort actually did.

  • Whose first-year earnings held up best, and what did it cost them on economic value?
  • Put the longest and shortest deposit assumption side by side. How much of the gap was that one number?
  • Who hedged most of the gap with swaps? What did the collateral call do to their liquidity?
  • Whose two risk measures moved in the same direction? Is that possible, or had something been mis-bucketed?
  • If the curve had twisted the other way, which part of the position would have failed first?

Assess the balance sheet reasoning, not just whether the limits held

Assessment is optional. Run the simulation ungraded as an applied activity, or use platform data as supporting evidence. Every student generates a repricing ladder, a set of behavioural assumptions, a hedge record, written rationales and an ALCO paper. Because the simulation is single-player, every input belongs to one named student, so there is no group-work marking to untangle. All of it exports as CSV or PDF, per student, so you can assess reasoning rather than a result.

What professors can assess

  • Whether each behavioural assumption is stated and defended rather than inherited from the template
  • Whether the student can explain why the two sensitivity measures moved in opposite directions

How to interpret the score

  • A position inside both limits built on an undefended deposit assumption is not a strong outcome
  • Use the leaderboard for cohort comparison, not for grading

On generative AI: written rationales are exactly what marking teams now worry about. Because every rationale here is tied to a balance the student bucketed inside the platform, with the gap and both sensitivity measures sitting next to it, the reasoning can be checked against the evidence rather than taken on trust.

Low risk to try with a class

Students rate it

93% of students rate Finsimco simulations Excellent, across more than 30,000 responses.

You are not on your own

Teaching notes, a setup and facilitation guide and a gameflow diagram come with it, and we support your first delivery directly.

No grading commitment

Run it ungraded the first time. Assessment is optional and can be added once you have seen how your cohort responds.

A bad session is recoverable

Pause or stop at any point and resume later without losing submitted data, so an overrun costs you a timetable slot, not the activity.

What AACSB and AMBA say about simulations

Ron Tuninga, Managing Director for EMEA at AACSB, and Victor Hedenberg, Membership Director at AMBA, on why simulation-based learning belongs in business education. Watch both interviews.

FAQs

Get the course fit sheet

A one-page summary of this simulation, covering stages and timings, roles, concepts, learning outcomes and the debrief questions, plus a full sample teaching pack from one of our live simulations, so you can see exactly what you would be running.

Book a Demo

During the call, we can:

  • Show the student and professor experience
  • Discuss format, timing and syllabus fit
  • Walk through setup, live delivery and optional assessment evidence
  • Answer questions from your module team