Basel Regulations Simulation

Basel simulation where students build a bank's capital plan

The Finsimco Basel Regulations Simulation makes each student treasurer of a bank holding thirteen point one per cent of capital against a requirement of eleven point eight. The distribution restriction is the part nobody mentions until it applies.

  • About 3.5 hours, single-player
  • Buffers, risk weights and distributions
  • In-class, online or hybrid delivery

At a glance

Duration

About 3.5 hours

You set every stage timing from the professor panel, so it fits one block or splits across two sessions.

Format

Single-player simulation

Each student holds the capital, risk weight and distribution roles in turn and submits one capital plan.

Level

Undergraduate to MBA

Adjustable: one capital ratio on fixed risk weights, up to the full stack, a raised buffer and a stress test.

Professor tools

Timeline and session controls

Manage students, adjust stage timings, control progression and monitor individual inputs.

Prerequisites

Bank balance sheet

Students need to know what a bank balance sheet is. Risk-weighted assets, tiers and buffers are taught inside.

Delivery

In class, online or hybrid

The web-based simulation supports in-person, remote, blended and homework-supported delivery.

Assessment

Optional, per student

Every submission is individual, so the capital plan, the distribution policy and the review answers export per student.

Course fit

Fits banking and regulation modules

Designed for Banking, Financial Regulation, Risk Management, Financial Institutions and Public Policy courses.

Concepts covered

The topics a basel regulations module has to cover: risk-weighted assets and risk weight density, common equity tier 1 and the capital tiers, the conservation and countercyclical buffers, the systemic surcharge and Pillar 2, the distribution restriction and headroom and the leverage ratio backstop.

The capital stack a bank actually has to hold, and the line it cannot cross. The left column builds up the common equity requirement: four and a half per cent of risk-weighted assets as the minimum, two and a half as the capital conservation buffer, one for the countercyclical buffer, one and a half for the systemic surcharge and two point three set by the supervisor under Pillar 2, giving eleven point eight per cent in total. The bank holds thirteen point one. The line drawn across the stack is where distributions start to be restricted: fall into the buffer region and dividends, buybacks and bonuses are limited by formula rather than by choice, which is why banks manage to a headroom above the requirement rather than to the requirement itself.

The capital stack built from the bottom: four and a half per cent minimum, two and a half conservation buffer, one countercyclical, one and a half systemic surcharge and two point three set by the supervisor, giving eleven point eight. The bank holds thirteen point one, so the headroom is one point three. The line across the stack is where distributions start to be restricted by formula, which is why banks manage to a headroom rather than to the requirement. Beside it, two banks with the same loan book carry risk-weighted assets of forty-one and sixty-two per cent of total assets.

Learning outcomes

Written to drop into your module descriptor without rewriting. On completing the simulation, your students will be able to:

  • Build a capital requirement from the minimum through each buffer.
  • Explain why the distribution restriction rather than the minimum governs behaviour.
  • Explain how risk weight density changes the capital required for identical assets.
  • Decide a target headroom and justify it against the cost of carrying capital.
  • Explain why a leverage ratio exists alongside risk-weighted requirements.
  • Produce a capital plan that survives a stress test without breaching the restriction line.

What students do

Each student runs the treasury alone, holding the capital, risk weight and distribution roles in turn. All three want something different from the same balance sheet, and only one plan is approved.

Basel Regulations Simulation gameflow, five stages. Stage 1 Briefing, Role setup, 15 min: Watch intro video, Review the balance sheet, One student holds all three roles, Review role, goals, and success criteria. Materials: briefing docs, balance sheet, role cards. Stage 2 Build The Stack, Requirement and headroom, 55 min: the capital role stack the buffers, add pillar 2, total the requirement; the risk weight role weight the corporate book, weight the mortgages, check the density; the distribution role set the headroom, plan the dividend, price the capital. Materials: capital rules, risk weight model, headroom calculator, tool tips. Stage 3 The Year, Supervisor and stress, 55 min: the capital role absorb the add-on, issue or retain, hold the ratio; the risk weight role handle the model review, reweight the book, check the leverage; the distribution role cut the dividend, defend the buyback, explain to the board. Materials: pillar 2 letter, stress test, market conditions, live scores. Stage 4 The Assessment, Judge the plan, 40 min: show the stack, explain the headroom, answer on the density, submit the review. Materials: review questions, capital plan, outcome report, review pack. Stage 5 Debriefing, Results and feedback, No limit: review your plan, compare the headroom, review the outcome, reflect on feedback. Materials: winners, completion summary. Total duration about 3.5 hours.

The gameflow every student sees before they start. The three roles come into play while the stack is built and through the year; briefing, the assessment and the debrief are worked as a single view. Materials arrive stage by stage: balance sheet and role cards at briefing, then the capital rules, risk weight model and headroom calculator, then the Pillar 2 letter, stress test and market conditions.

Capital

Students build the requirement layer by layer, from the minimum through the conservation, countercyclical and systemic buffers to the supervisor's own addition.

Risk weight

Students decide how assets are weighted, which is where two banks with identical loan books end up holding very different amounts of capital.

Distribution

Students choose how far above the requirement to run, because falling into the buffer region limits dividends and bonuses by formula rather than by choice.

How it works

Five stages. Students build the capital stack, set the headroom and carry it through a stress test.

  1. 1

    Stage 1 · 15 min

    Briefing Docs · Balance Sheet · Role Cards

    Briefing

    Students watch the intro video, review a bank with ninety billion dollars of assets, a mixed corporate and mortgage book and a board expecting a dividend, and take on all three roles, checking the current ratios and the success criteria before any plan is set.

  2. 2

    Stage 2 · 55 min

    Capital Rules · Risk Weight Model · Headroom Calculator · Tool Tips

    Build the Stack

    The stack is built. Working as capital, the student assembles the requirement layer by layer; as risk weight, decides between internal models and the standardised approach and watches the density move; as distribution, sets a headroom knowing that capital is expensive and that falling below the line stops the dividend.

  3. 3

    Stage 3 · 55 min

    Pillar 2 Letter · Stress Test · Market Conditions · Live Scores

    The Year

    A year runs. The supervisor raises the Pillar 2 requirement by eighty basis points, the countercyclical buffer is raised, a model approval is questioned so part of the book reverts to standardised weights, and a stress test shows the bank falling into the buffer region in the adverse scenario.

  4. 4

    Stage 4 · 40 min

    Review Questions · Capital Plan · Outcome Report · Review Pack

    The Assessment

    The plan is assessed. Students are asked what headroom they carried and what it cost, how much of their requirement came from the supervisor rather than the rules, whether the leverage ratio or the risk-weighted requirement bound first, and whether the dividend survived the stress test.

  5. 5

    Stage 5 · No limit

    Winners · Completion Summary

    Debriefing

    Students review their own capital plan, compare headroom and densities across the cohort, revisit the decisions that separated them and reflect on the feedback. Winners and the completion summary give you a structure for the discussion.

What the experience looks like

The student interface carries the stack, the densities and the headroom. The professor panel carries the timeline, the controls and every individual capital plan.

Stack

Students work layer by layer, with each requirement, the running total and the distance to the restriction line side by side, and a written reason required for the headroom chosen.

Year

The stress column is the one that decides the dividend. The bank clears the requirement in the base case and falls into the buffer region in the adverse one.

Professor Controls

Your view. Adjust any stage timing, start or stop the session, and compare the headroom each student carried with whether their dividend survived.

See how this simulation fits your module

Explore the student and professor experience, and discuss timing, setup and syllabus fit.

Where it fits your syllabus

It works best as the session that makes a regulation behave like a constraint.

Teach before it

What a bank balance sheet is. Risk-weighted assets, capital tiers and buffers are explained inside the activity.

Where it sits

Mid to late module, typically weeks six to eleven, once banking basics are covered.

What it sets up

Resolution and recovery planning, liquidity requirements, supervisory review, macroprudential policy, and any assessment asking students to evaluate a bank's capital position.

The Basel course guide sets out where it sits in a full module.

What students get wrong

The three mistakes students make on this case, and what each one gives you in the debrief. Our simulations are designed around them: read the learning science behind it.

1

They manage to the minimum

Four and a half per cent is the number in the headline and no bank in the world runs anywhere near it. The number that governs behaviour is the one below which the dividend is restricted by formula, and it is seven points higher.

2

They treat risk weights as given

Two banks with the same loan book can carry densities of forty-one and sixty-two per cent depending on how the assets are modelled, which is a difference of half as much capital again. Students accept the denominator and argue about the numerator.

3

They carry headroom without pricing it

Capital is the most expensive funding a bank has, so every point of headroom has a cost that shows up in return on equity. Students either run too thin and lose the dividend in the stress test, or too thick and cannot explain the return.

How to debrief it

The debrief runs itself. Every student sees their results, the cohort comparison and the decisions that produced them, with nothing for you to prepare. If you would rather lead the discussion, these questions work straight from a slide, and they use what your cohort actually did.

  • What headroom did you carry, and what did it cost?
  • How much of your requirement came from the supervisor rather than the rules?
  • Did the leverage ratio or the risk-weighted requirement bind first?
  • Whose dividend survived the stress test, and how?
  • What would you change about your density if you did it again?

Assess the capital reasoning, not the ratio

Assessment is optional. Run the simulation ungraded as an applied activity, or use platform data as supporting evidence. Every student generates a capital stack, density decisions, a headroom target, a distribution plan and rationales. Because the simulation is single-player, every input belongs to one named student, so there is no group-work marking to untangle. All of it exports as CSV or PDF, per student, so you can assess reasoning rather than a result.

What professors can assess

  • Whether the distribution restriction was identified as the binding constraint
  • Whether the headroom target was priced against the cost of capital

How to interpret the score

  • A high ratio is not evidence of a good plan; read the cost of the headroom
  • Use the leaderboard for cohort comparison, not for grading

On generative AI: written rationales are exactly what marking teams now worry about. Because every rationale here is tied to a stack the student built inside the platform before the supervisor's letter arrived, the reasoning can be checked against the evidence rather than taken on trust.

Low risk to try with a class

Students rate it

93% of students rate Finsimco simulations Excellent, across more than 30,000 responses.

You are not on your own

Teaching notes, a setup and facilitation guide and a gameflow diagram come with it, and we support your first delivery directly.

No grading commitment

Run it ungraded the first time. Assessment is optional and can be added once you have seen how your cohort responds.

A bad session is recoverable

Pause or stop at any point and resume later without losing submitted data, so an overrun costs you a timetable slot, not the activity.

What AACSB and AMBA say about simulations

Ron Tuninga, Managing Director for EMEA at AACSB, and Victor Hedenberg, Membership Director at AMBA, on why simulation-based learning belongs in business education. Watch both interviews.

FAQs

Get the course fit sheet

A one-page summary of this simulation, covering stages and timings, roles, concepts, learning outcomes and the debrief questions, plus a full sample teaching pack from one of our live simulations, so you can see exactly what you would be running.

Book a Demo

During the call, we can:

  • Show the student and professor experience
  • Discuss format, timing and syllabus fit
  • Walk through setup, live delivery and optional assessment evidence
  • Answer questions from your module team